Cognossimplified: Know your drives/USB

ST320L T007-9ZV142

2.5",SATA,3Gb/s,7200,512e

SATA - serial advanced technology attachement

provides hot swapping

SATA -- has speed upto 600mb/s .See my hard drive states 3Gb/s here Gb is giga bits and not giga bytes to it means 300MB/S
earlier one like IDE had 150mb/s

each drive connect directly to motherboard. IDE had ribbon like cables and you can conect master /slave hard drives

in SATA you need to configure from BIOS which is primary drive

Why cant you use SSD drives externally .Like you might say the external drive might be a SSD .First SSD uses SATA you dont have SATA port coming out from your machine .they are generally between hard drive and motherboard. you might have a Esata port on your laptop

now if you manage to your use SSD externally by formating partitioning and connecting to USB 3.0 then the speed will be restricted to the speed of USB 3.0

what are sectors on hard drives.512 e is byte size for a sector

hard drives have tracks and structure .Formating write file storage structure like file allocation table onto sectors.sectors are grouped
together into clusturs

tapes used to use ferric oxide and mangetic flux used to magnetise it as in tape recorders.Basically ferrix oxide is permanently magnetised
by the signal of music in a pattern while reading this magnetic field of magnetised material causes current in the head of tape reader
the same principal works for hard disks

So we know information is saved as 1 and 0 so how is that done.we know when ferromagnetic subtaances are exposeed to current they are magnetised
so if they are magnetised with NS then its a 1 and SN its a 0

SB 2.0 tranfters at rate of 480Mbits/s that is 48 mb per second

USB 3.0 transfers at rate of 5Gbits/s that is 500Mb/s .Funny part is my hard drive has 3Gbits/s capacity.

we can add USB 3.0 as PCI express card

52x 32x 52x----------- means read/Write/Read write --- 1X was 150kb-- rewrite is faster because drive is already formated accordingly

so a 52X drives reads at 52*150kb == 7800kb that is 7.8Mb/s--- a USB is 48 Mb/s

But for DVD a 1x means 1.32Mb/s so DVD drives come up to 16x that is 21.2mb/s

Theoratically DVD should be faster than USB 2.0 but becaue of seek time and other stuff USB will perform faster

what is difference between firewire and mini usb .. both look same 4 wire pin

what are display ports and DVI ports --- images are there .

display ports are used to connect laptop to monitor instead of DVI porst new laptops are coming with this. Usually we connect monitors through
VGA ports also some were using DVI ports .Display ports use the same technology as HDMI ports but are different from HDMI.

What is line in for computer

You can use the line-in connection on your sound card to connect a portable music player,
microphone, or other audio input device to your computer. Most laptops now will not have these its a old time

serial ports

they transfer one bit at a time.Not used now with coming of USB

1     Data Carrier Detect     DCD
2     Received Data     RxData
3     Transmitted Data     TxData
4     Data Terminal Ready     DTR
5     Signal Ground     Gnd
6     Data Set Ready     DSR
7     Request To Send     RTS
8     Clear To Send     CTS
9     Ring Indicator     RI

Some points on RAM and Video cards

We all know that CPU cants access directly from hard drive data has to be present in ram to be accessed. So we have different type of ram speeds depending on type of ram

If you have old motherboard around you will notice it has slot of AGP its a old standard for video cards now no longer in use.New one are pci express.

Also VGA ports cant suppose great resolution so some pc will have DVI ports latest ones might have display ports instead of DVI look for display port symbol below

you can also use video cards.They have inbuild ram upto 1gb 2gb and also sometime has VPU video processing unit

A good topic to study to understand how communication takes place

Sata connector